Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is the creation of a highly conductive fracture in the target formation under the action of a proppant fluid injected into it to increase the production of fluids (oil, gas, condensate, etc.). A fracture is formed if the injection pressure is greater than the fracture pressure of the rock. After hydraulic fracturing, the well flow rate, as a rule, increases sharply.

Most of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are in productive formations in weak rocks, which are destroyed during development. When destroyed, the rock enters the well through perforations or an open hole, which leads to failure of downhole equipment, a decrease or complete absence of flow rates.

Waterflooding is the process of pumping water into an oil reservoir through injection wells to maintain reservoir pressure and displace oil towards a production well. Preservation of reservoir pressure by water injection maintains the drawdown between the rock and the well, and as a result leads to improved oil recovery, an increase in the period of production well operation and an increase in total oil production. In fields with a gas cap, gas is very often used as an injected reagent.